Alexander STEPANOV Software director Academy political sciences, senior scientific employee Center analytical developments of ILA RAS
Alexander HOFFMANN Military reviewer
Control military intelligence (La Dirección de Inteligencia Militar , DIM) – organ military management consisting of Ministries Revolutionary armed strength Republic Cuba (El Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de la República de Cuba, MINFAR), responsible behind collection information about armed forces others countries and intelligence information on basis reception and analysis electromagnetic radiation ( radio ¬electronic intelligence ).
Headquarters Management military intelligence located in the building General MINFAR headquarters , at area Revolution in Havana , on the 6th floor , where adjacent to the main part divisions Management military counterintelligence (La Dirección de Contrainteligencia Militar ) defense departments Cubes . According to data from open sources , DIM is subdivided for 4 main sections and general departments :
” That Who Not capable fight behind others , never Not will be able fight behind himself myself “. Fidel Castro
Section I – combat intelligence service . In her subordination divisions military and military intelligence Cuban armed strength , in that number intelligence divisions orders Antonio Maceo border brigade responsible behind security territory adjacent to the American Bay base Guantanamo . In operational subordination sections located elite air assault brigade ” Black ” wasps ” intended For execution combat and reconnaissance and sabotage tasks on territories enemy who especially excelled in performance international debt in countries Eastern Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Section II – operational intelligence service . In her compound included following departments : II-1 – headquarters , secretariat and special mode security ; II-2 – department external intelligence in charge behind operational employees foreign residency, divided By geographical directions; II-3 – department internal intelligence in charge behind operational Events military intelligence on territories countries, fight against counter-revolution, special intelligence missions directed to the main way , on Creation operational positions among personal composition and command American military bases at Guantanamo Bay and execution tasks on US territories; II-4/5 – illegal operational departments involved in interdepartmental special missions behind abroad and on territories islands ; II-6 – department material ¬and technical provision ; II-7 – department communications In 1998 the section was restructured, part employees distributed to other intelligence organs
Section III – reconnaissance analytics into her included four groups : situational analysis , USA, Europe and others peace ( Latin America , Caribbean Basin and Africa-Middle East ).
IV section – radio-electronic reconnaissance (RER). In her subordination located brigade radio electronic intelligence , strategic important department responsible behind tracking American military intelligence communications on island , in the region and in the USA.
• Department special regime security ( ensuring regime secrecy in document flow and office work ).
• Department information technologies ( cybersecurity , cryptology ).
• Department processing information ( classification and structuring intelligence information ).
Professional training and retraining DIM employees are carried out within the framework regular academic course military intelligence intelligence ( Curso Académico Regular de Inteligencia Military por Agentura, CAREMA).
Main threat and main enemy.
On throughout more than 60 years , in conditions regular attempts American sides destabilize situation on island and change political build Republic economic , diplomatic , military and intelligence Actions , Cuba confident defends mine sovereignty and ensures national safety accessible to her ways and possibilities .
Preservation political and socio-economic identity Cubes within formed By results of the cold war » unipolar systems international relations on background long-term military-political pressure with the US side indicates a significant contribution to the system national security Republic organs military intelligence represented structural DIM divisions .
Headquarters Management military intelligence located on the 6th floor of the building General headquarters Revolutionary armed strength Republic Cuba .
After Cuban revolutions of 1953-1959 . main enemy Cuban national the intelligence community and DIM in particular remain US aspirations change constitutional building on Cuba . Leading actors in this process perform military intelligence US institutions planned and systematic basis lining up during Total period independence islands destructive activities towards detonation statehood Cuba , right up before liquidation political manuals countries.
This hostile policy Washington forms basic threat-forming factors For national security and stability political configurations Cuba , welfare population Republics as a whole .
By results transformation and collapse bipolar systems international relations in 1989-1991 . sequential aggressive line permanent pressure regarding Havana , in context claims American sides on sole global domination , aimed on preservation and maintenance regional influence and provision geopolitical dominance in the West hemisphere
However, the Cuban specialists There is their recipes counteraction data threats
Military intelligence service All sees and hears
Behind decades protection revolutionary achievements from encroachments from outside , in conditions the most difficult operational situation and restless neighborhood , in Cuban intelligence services worked out special organizational and executive culture adapted to activity in conditions permanently high risk .
Naturally , activity Management military DIM intelligence is carried out in close interaction with the Department intelligence ( Dirección de Inteligencia or DI) Ministries internal affairs Republic Cuba having wide operational possibilities . In the midst of the cold wars ¬» DI recommended myself as one from the strongest intelligence services peace in the field intelligence work , unfolding echeloned architecture unspoken apparatus Not only in South America , but also – through diaspora opportunities lie in the USA itself .
In operational subordinate to DIM orders Antonio Maceo air assault brigade , more famous like ” Blacks ” wasps ” ( Avispas Negras ).
Colossal experience formed culture and special handwriting Cuban intelligence allowed save durable DI positions in the highest league intelligence services and temporal unstable designs unipolar peace , after completion ( more likely taken pauses ) ” cold ” war .”
Besides traditionally strong intelligence work Cuban intelligence community and, in particular , the Directorate military intelligence , different high level efficiency use funds radio electronic intelligence in everyone her modern types and manifestations .
Strategic and situational awareness Havana is hostile activity American military intelligence community plans Pentagon , and in some cases and Langley , being fruit successful convergence opportunities intelligence and radio-electronic intelligence Republics , not once was becoming subject hearings in the US Congress . Attention American parliamentarians definitely emphasizes concern political establishment hegemon intelligence capabilities Islands freedom . Cuban professionals ( despite on explicit comparative disproportion financial and personnel potentials ) are capable give rebuff the enemy , acting ” not not by number , but by skill .”
Location islands , by a number of geographical and technical factors , ideal fits For receiving access to more parts US communications with foreign countries peace , in that number , to the main objects critically important informational infrastructure Actually Cuba , along with headquarters Agencies national US Security ( Fort Meade , State Maryland ), is most geographically convenient and technical adapted place in Western hemispheres For large-scale interception data by means of RER.
DIM implements one from the most large-scale and technical equipped programs radio electronic intelligence in the world . Nomenclature DER facilities in Bejukal , 20 km south from Havana , lets Cuban military intelligence cover maximum accessible range representing interest US communications government and private as well as satellite lines communications between Northern America and Europe .
On strategic level priority objects For collection intelligence information RER DIM means are channels communications executive office president United States America , key nodes military infrastructure , communications NASA and the US Air Force, where special attention is given systems and means missile telemetry
In more wide intelligence context , DIM has operational and technical possibilities For provision secret access to commercial services related with means communications and communications American financial institutions , including number stock exchanges
On tactical level special attention is given tracking American geosynchronous satellites like elements global orbital US network , and opportunities neutralization their activity
Military intelligence service Cuba , besides geographical factor a direct operating room reach territories countries For military intelligence activities regarding main enemy ( as in the opposite order ), collides with straight lines threats military character , outgoing from located in the southeast parts islands on area 117 sq . km bases Naval US forces in the Gulf Guantanamo .
Guantanamo ” under cap “
Sadly famous American naval base , the only one located in socialist country , located on island on basis signed in the terms and conditions power coercion By results Spanish-American war in 1903 treaty about relationships between Republic Cuba and USA ( replaced on new in 1934), as well as agreements about rental United States lands on Cuba For coal and naval stations .
According to data documents ” rent Cuban territories Not It has fixed deadline actions and agreements about it can be terminated or By decision Washington leave base , or By mutual consent parties on termination rent .”
So way american military presence on island It has uncertain By duration term and remains thanks to much predominant military-diplomatic US power , reinforced controversial and imposed international legal agreements first half of the 20th century with pre-revolutionary authorities islands .
The specified naval base is controlled Southeast naval region Commands naval US Navy installations ( naval air base Jacksonville , Florida ). Garrison as well united operational group Guantanamo Bay , are subordinated Southern command Ministries US Defense ( headquarters in Doral , District Miami-Dade , Florida ). On military object at one time stationed up to 8,500 military personnel of the Navy, Corps nautical Infantry , US Army and personnel civil personnel bases Air connections with external peace provided airfield US Navy Leeward .
On territories base , outside jurisdiction legal US system , located opened in January 2002 camp For detainees , accused American authorities in committing grave crimes received worldwide fame thanks to numerous facts violations rights man , cruel treatment and torture .
Military prison at Guantanamo Bay actually is yourself concentration camp in which , currently time, continue located about 30 prisoners . True situation and quantity prisoners in public space Not appear.
However reliably it is known that Central intelligence US administration has access to presenters special interest For American sides prisoners and uses isolated prison infrastructure on territories camps For solutions their operational tasks in the region .
American naval base Guantanamo .
To their number relate kidnapping objects CIA interest from numbers representatives opposition Washington regional political forces , power structures , left movements . To Guantanamo their subjected special psychological processing , carry out recruitment In a relationship dissenters actively ” extended ” will apply interrogation methods , including including using psychoactive substances Undesirables , after such power impact and psychological processing , often subject to liquidation
In this context let’s remember straight historical analogies – public reports human rights defenders , including number American , about the results Operation Condor in the 1970s–1980s , as a result which By instructions from Langley destroyed about 60,000 fighters behind independence continent .
Nothing since then since then Not changed in the methods of the CIA, and Guantanamo probably active used For similar dirty goals and this day .
Cuban side Not once raised question of necessity international investigations into massive facts violations rights human and international conventions American authorities at Guantanamo on UN level . But crimes of the CIA, unfortunately , by greater parts fall out from fields vision human rights structures and international organizations Who starts show such invoice unnecessary curiosity – maybe myself be in one from numerous illegal prisons American intelligence scattered By everything to the world .
Within implementation complex events radio electronic intelligence on American Bay base Guantanamo under special controlled by DIM department Home naval computer and telecommunications Atlantic Naval Station zone (NCTAMS LANT) Naval information forces (NAVIFOR) Command strength US Navy Fleet ( component of the Northern Navy command and functional nautical component united command Strategic US Defense Command ).
NAVIFOR carry out comprehensive usage information capabilities of the Navy ( electronic communications , telecommunications networks , cryptology , meteorology , oceanography , electronics intelligence and warfare , cyberspace operations , space navigation ) for weakening and destruction combat opportunities the enemy , his discrediting and disinformation , as well as gain efficiency operations allies within multi-domain wars .
Before combat action in Angola personnel acquisition Cuban military commando being carried out behind check fighters who had experience partisan wars against pro-American dictatorial regimes in Latin America under management Ernesto Che Guevara .
NCTAMS LANT Guan ¬Tanamo Branch exploits as operator and serves elements naval telecommunications systems and systems military communications stations including basic communications ( networks , objects informational infrastructure and related technical equipment ), management frequencies and coordination nodes Agencies defense information US Department of Defense systems on military base .
Data transmitted by NCTAMS LANT present For Cuban sides value as in part access to internal communications on American base and in part external channels communications Guantanamo with superiors authorities management located 800-1300 km to the north , in Florida .
« Black wasps “: true international debt
In operational subordinate to DIM orders Antonio Maceo air assault brigade , more famous like ” Blacks ” wasps ” ( Avispas Negras ). Cuban military commando before execution international debt in Angola were subdivided on landing and sabotage divisions . Personnel acquisition was carried out behind check fighters who accepted participation in special operations during Revolutions that had experience partisan wars in squads Ernesto Che Guevara .
In 1963, by initiative Fidel Castro , formed groups special destinations ( Grupos Destinos Especial), famous under called ” Tigers “, in 1974 – airborne brigade Their first serious combat baptism took place in Angola .
In time Reagan’s US expansion in Central America , Cuban military intelligence service provided advisory help Nicaragua , Grenada and Panama reflected American aggression .
MINFAR analyzed actions Cuban expeditionary corps in battle at Kifangondo in October-November 1975, where significant role played participation in the battle of the ” Tigers “, then – units special forces Cuban Ministries internal affairs .
During large-scale operations in Angola Special Forces military intelligence cubes passed coordination and received combat experience in confrontation with armed forces South African forces , mercenaries from NATO countries and subordinates them local armed groups .
Official story modern ” Blacks ” os » beret beginning on December 1, 1986, when the structure Revolutionary armed strength was created separate eponymous brigade In 1989, special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Cuba was subordinated to MINFAR and combined into a single structure with special forces military intelligence
Doctrinally , preparation brigades main way was aimed on opposition possible attempts military interventions on Cuba with US side . Accordingly , large attention is given specifics carrying out combat operations under conditions Caribbean tropics
Also ” Black wasps ” are considered most prepared and combat-ready division For war in conditions selva Feature applications divisions is usage tactics small mobile autonomous groups of 5-6 fighters capable penetrate deep rear enemy and inflict critical damage key military communications
Individual Preparation carried out in the National school divisions special destination . Here fighters special forces Cuban military intelligence pass comprehensive in-depth education reconnaissance and sabotage activities coming out far behind framework traditional preparation strength special operations . In part combat preparation ” Black wasps ” collaborate with instructors special forces from China , North Korea, Vietnam and Russia .
Significant Operation ” Black” os ” account on period before joining the air assault MINFAR brigade when Part divisions obeyed Cuban Ministry of Internal Affairs. The largest success Cuban Special Forces reached in Angola , in battles against South African army and UNITA movement . Basic tasks performed by ” Black” wasps ” in operation Carlota – intelligence events and penetration on enemy territory , search and destruction columns , mining ways movements enemy , organization ambush Some episodes this wars demonstrated heroism of the Black os ” performed international debt
In particular , during battles behind Kangambu in August 1983, Angolan and Cuban forces under siege UNITA militants , supported by the South African Air Force and special forces , faced a threat operational encirclement and destruction garrison exposed massive rocket and artillery shelling enemy Cuban columns Not managed get there before remote cities in acceptable deadlines , stocks were running out uncontrollable aviation missiles that allowed Cubans airstrikes hold back enemy , and ammunition garrison
In the most critical moment battles , Cuban command in Angola gave away order about destruction equipment special connections in Kangamba , Fidel Castro personally appealed to the defenders cities : ” Let Kangamba will become cemetery mercenaries , employees hated interests South African racists . Let Kangamba will become eternal symbol courage Cubans and Angolans . Let Kangamba will become example that blood Angolans and Cubans , spilled behind freedom and dignity Africa , no was in vain . I believe in yours unsurpassed courage and promise you that We let’s save you any price . Motherland or death ! We we will win ! The only one possible option salvation garrison before arrival reinforcements left application blows By to the rear besiegers forces special destination .
First mixed Cuban ¬-Angolan helicopter landing landed in several kilometers from Kangamba , however on approaches to the city suffered losses in the short term intensive battle with superior forces the enemy and is forced was retreat . Having undertaken another attack under tight mortar-artillery fire enemy , ” Black wasps ” managed break situation behind check active use mobile automatic grenade launchers By positions of UNITA and risky maneuvers cover military by helicopters .
To the besiegers UNITA forces were applied essential damage , enemy was distracted on actions Cubans on northern direction from Kangamba , in my rear . Then was implemented helicopter landing on southeast direction that forced demoralized militants retreat . Commander-in-Chief Revolutionary armed strength cubes Castro restrained yours word – garrison was saved , enemy was defeated In in many ways thanks to heroic to the efforts of the Black os “.
Cuban experience in demand in a multipolar world
More six decades confrontation with the American military intelligence community , three from which fell out on period American hegemony , allowed Cuban intelligence community accumulate unique experience and knowledge in demand among colleagues from countries seeking defend mine sovereignty in turbulent times world , in conditions transition to multipolarity .
« Cold war “, general threats and challenges with sides collective West , determined tight interaction Cuban intelligence community with authorities intelligence and state security of the USSR and countries Organizations Varshavsky agreement During his formation Control military intelligence MINFAR distinguished itself by performing international debt in Algeria , continued combat way in getting rid from colonial oppression Africa – Guinea-Bissau , Democratic Republic Congo .
Minister Revolutionary armed strength Alvaro Lopez Miera participated in long-term Cuban military missions in Angola and Ethiopia , performing international duty .
In Angola Cuban contingent , within large-scale and long-lasting Operation Carlota , played one from key roles in advocating independence and sovereignty Luanda . Operational combat DIM activities allowed Cuban side contribute weighty contribution to application defeats armed forces racist regime of South Africa and their proxy forces in Angola .
In number , decisive battle at Cuito Cuanavle , during which Cuban Special Forces repeatedly arranged successful sabotage in the rear enemy and ambush on elite South African units staffed racist mercenaries from the USA and Western Europe .
Decisive meaning played participation Cuban military intelligence in reflection invasion Somali forces to Ethiopia in time wars behind Ogaden . On Near East DIM participated in the Cuban military missions By support Syria in Oktyabrskaya war of 1973
In time Reagan’s US expansion in Central America , Cuban military intelligence service provided advisory help Nicaragua , Grenada and Panama reflected American aggression . Station radio electronic intelligence DIM up last provided work in conditions US invasion of Panama in 1989
Essential DIM influenced on opposition expanded American military intelligence community in South America terrorism within Operation Condor . Significant role Cuban military intelligence in support national resistance Argentines in ” Dirty” war ” and the Chileans regime Augusto Pinochet .
Special , friendly relationship link DIM with Venezuelan colleagues . Cuban military intelligence service provided and continues to provide provide due support Caracas in containment efforts Washington By destabilization situation in the country . This concerns How opportunities radio electronic DIM intelligence used For disavowals plans American parties and operations By neutralization American agents . Especially effective data actions found themselves in conditions intentions Washington provoke military invasion of Venezuela and efforts US intelligence community organizations So called ” armed” opposition ” on territories countries with a view to violent overthrow constitutional building .
Strategically important geographical location Cuba in the West hemispheres and unique conditions on island For radio electronic intelligence regarding American communications done operational possibilities Cuban Management military intelligence extremely wide , coming out By to his meaning on global level .
If during the cold period war ¬» main ally cubes was the USSR, then now , besides his successor , Russian Federations , among priority partners Cuban intelligence should include Chinese colleagues . Together with hard commitment Havana to hostility western models ultra-globalism and American hegemony , potential cooperation with the Republic in the field technical intelligence attracts colleagues to interact with DIM from others countries facing hostile actions Washington – before Total Iran and North Korea.
Russian-Cuban cooperation in the areas security and intelligence received new impulse in March 2023, when secretary Council Security Russia Nikolai Patrushev visited with official visit Havana , where was accepted president cubes Miguel Diaz-Canel and leader Revolutions Raoul Castro .
Parties spent extended interdepartmental consultations By issues in the field security Were in detail considered questions bilateral cooperation By lines intelligence services Made special accent on joint efforts Russia and Cuba By opposition to people of color revolutions ” and destructive activity non-governmental organizations In these issues operational and technical possibilities Management military MINFAR intelligence have key meaning .
In February s.g. Nikolai Patrushev again visited Havana . During his meetings with the president cubes among others were considered questions interaction Moscow and Havana in the region security
Russian-Cuban cooperation in the areas security and intelligence received new impulse in March 2023, when secretary Council Security Russia Nikolai Patrushev visited with official visit Havana , where was accepted president cubes Miguel Diaz-Canel and leader Revolutions Raoul Castro .
In June 2023, the Ministry defense Russia visited numerous delegation Cuban colleagues in headed by the minister Revolutionary armed strength army corps general Alvaro Lopez Miera . On negotiations sides discussed wide range issues in military and military-technical areas , including including probably continuation and development cooperation in the field radio electronic intelligence , interaction organs military intelligence Russia and Cuba in opposition general threats with the US and NATO sides .
Should note that general Miera , graduate Military academy General headquarters Armed USSR forces , participated in long-term Cuban military missions in Angola and Ethiopia , performing international duty . Joint historical experience Russia and Cuba in context help friendly countries Africa in upholding sovereignty before challenges aggressive intentions of the USA and NATO, undoubtedly will in demand in the process transition to multipolar system international relations .
Can to state that with the advent new regional poles and transformations geopolitical cards world towards promotion autonomy Global South from influence Western supranational institutions management , countries with experience long term counteraction their destructive , including number sanctions exposed , come out on new level cohesion and independence .
Rising regional connectivity , deepen international communications , including number in questions military and military-technical cooperation . On constant basis come out plans Moscow and Havana By carrying out joint exercises and implementation programs in the field military education
Yes , during distant navigator’s hike in July 2023 training Russian Navy ship ” Perekop ” arrived in the capital Cubes . First for 40 years approach Russian educational military ship to port Havana and itself transition to the Caribbean sea through Atlantic ocean , 150 km from territory of the United States, provided security well-coordinated actions nautical radio electronic intelligence two countries
American military intelligence community closely tracked activity Navy ship and interaction Russian military sailors with Cuban colleagues that indicates sensitivity Washington to development Russian-Cuban cooperation in the areas defense and security , especially in Western hemisphere , in the immediate proximity to US territory .
At the Pentagon are considering activation strategic cooperation Russia and Cuba How unambiguous challenge , the CIA is making efforts By his discrediting in the media space , unfolding anti-Russian informational affiliate campaigns regional media.
is obvious that in this context Washington will continue attempts By restoration American influence in Western hemispheres , increasing my military and intelligence activity in the region , active using methodology and tools hybrid confrontation
Main objects destructive US impact in the 21st century will still protrude Cuba , Venezuela and Nicaragua – perceived enemy as stronghold resistance attempts recovery doctrines Monroe , promoted under auspices Washington .
Successful historical experience Havana in defense his independence , cohesion regional allies and restoration Russian military-political and economic presence in countries Latin America and Caribbean pool , along with recruited regional weight China , no leaves chances conservation monopolies influence Washington in Western hemisphere.
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