Based on a Treadstone 71 critical analysis of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs document (file number 1111791198, dated 1402/06/08 – August 30, 2023), the following is available→
Document Type
This is a “Very Confidential” (خیلی محرمانه) internal report, likely a memorandum of conversation or a diplomatic debriefing, from the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It details discussions between Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad and an Iranian Ambassador (likely in Damascus, or an official with ambassadorial rank involved in the Syria file), with input and observations from the Iranian side.
Participants
- Faisal Mekdad: Syrian Foreign Minister (primary speaker)
- “جناب سفیر” (Your Excellency Ambassador): An Iranian Ambassador (likely the recipient or a key interlocutor)
- References to other officials: Iranian President Raisi, Iranian Foreign Minister Dr. Amirabdollahian, Dr. Ahmadian (Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council), Dr. Velayati (senior advisor to the Supreme Leader), Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Mohammad bin Salman (Saudi Crown Prince), Sameh Shoukry (Egyptian Foreign Minister), King Abdullah of Jordan, and various other Arab ministers and European/UN representatives.
Overall Intent of the Meeting and Document
- Meeting Intent
- For Faisal Mekdad to debrief the Iranian Ambassador on his recent diplomatic activities, particularly his visit to Tehran and his participation in Arab League meetings in Cairo. The aim was to share outcomes, coordinate strategies, reinforce Syrian positions, and solicit continued Iranian support.
- Document Intent
- To formally record this significant diplomatic exchange for the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This serves internal analysis, policy formulation, briefing senior Iranian leadership (potentially up to the Supreme Leader, given references to Dr. Velayati needing his approval for travel), and maintaining a record of Syrian perspectives and commitments.
Goals and Objectives
Syrian Goals (as articulated by Faisal Mekdad)
- Strengthen Iranian Support
Secure and deepen economic, political, and strategic backing from Iran. This includes operationalizing agreements on banking, railways, transit, and industry, and ensuring oil supply.
- Counter US and Allied Pressure
Resist and neutralize diplomatic, economic, and propaganda pressure from the United States and its allies, particularly concerning Syria’s internal affairs, its conduct, and the presence of foreign forces.
- Legitimize Syrian Government Stance
Frame Syrian government actions as defensive, sovereign, and aimed at combating terrorism and illegal occupation.
- Shape Regional Narratives
Influence the outcomes of Arab League discussions to reflect Syrian positions, such as demanding the withdrawal of “illegal” foreign forces and resisting external timetables for internal political processes like the Constitutional Committee.
- Normalize Relations on Syrian Terms
Re-engage with Arab states (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan) while upholding core Syrian interests and sovereignty.
- Economic Recovery
Emphasize the need for urgent economic progress and implementation of agreements to alleviate Syria’s dire conditions.
Iranian Goals (inferred from the Ambassador’s comments and the context)
- Maintain Syrian Alliance
Solidify Iran’s strategic alliance with Syria, viewing it as a critical component of its regional influence.
- Support Assad Regime
Ensure the stability and continuity of the Assad government.
- Project Iranian Influence
Demonstrate Iran’s role as a key partner and problem-solver for Syria.
- Economic Cooperation
Foster economic ties that benefit Iran and support Syria, potentially creating dependencies and long-term engagement. This includes establishing a joint bank and facilitating trade and pilgrim travel.
- Counter US/Israeli Influence
Reinforce the narrative that the US and Israel are the primary sources of regional instability, contrasting with Iran’s purported supportive role.
- Gather Intelligence
Use diplomatic exchanges to understand the positions of various regional and international actors and the pressures they face.
Specific Objectives Discussed/Implied
- Successful implementation of economic agreements between Iran and Syria, particularly in banking, oil, and electricity.
- High-level visits between Iranian and Syrian officials (e.g., Dr. Ahmadian and Dr. Velayati to Syria, Iranian ministers to Syria, Head of Iran’s Central Bank to Syria).
- Coordinated diplomatic messaging in international forums, especially concerning foreign troop withdrawals and the Syrian political process.
- Reopening of the Syrian embassy in Riyadh and the Saudi embassy in Damascus.
- Obtaining a final statement from the Arab League meeting in Cairo that reflected Syria’s key demands and positions.
- Facilitating the return of Syrian refugees on Syria’s terms, blaming US pressure for hindering returns.
Targets
- Primary Strategic Targets
The United States government and its regional allies, whose influence Iran and Syria seek to counter and undermine. European nations are also targeted for engagement, with Iran attempting to position itself as an intermediary.
- Regional Targets
Arab nations, particularly Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, to encourage their continued (or renewed) engagement with Syria on terms favorable to Damascus and Tehran, and to resist US pressure against such engagement.
- Internal Iranian Audience
Decision-makers within the Iranian political, security, and economic establishment.
- The Syrian Government
To reinforce its resolve and align its strategies with Iran.
Potential
- Strengthened Iran-Syria Axis
The collaboration detailed suggests a deepening of the strategic partnership, enhancing Iran’s influence in the Levant.
- Economic Entrenchment
Successful implementation of joint economic projects (banks, credit lines) could make Syria more economically reliant on Iran, providing Iran with long-term leverage.
- Undermining Sanctions
Bilateral mechanisms (e.g., banking) are designed to bypass international sanctions.
- Shaping Post-Conflict Syria
Iran aims to play a significant role in the political and economic future of Syria, ensuring its interests are protected.
- Regional Diplomatic Shifts Potential to solidify Syria’s reintegration into the Arab fold, possibly altering regional dynamics if Syria aligns closely with Iranian foreign policy. The observation that FM Mekdad was “satisfied he took initiative and neutralized some demands” in Cairo, despite not being hopeful for “tangible economic/political results for Syria” due to US pressure, indicates a complex diplomatic landscape.
Maliciousness (Interpreted from a Western/Oppositional Standpoint)
- Perpetuating Authoritarian Rule
The explicit goal of supporting the Assad regime, which is accused of widespread human rights violations, can be seen as malicious by those advocating for democratic change or accountability.
- Circumventing International Norms
Efforts to bypass sanctions and undermine UN-led political processes (if not aligned with their terms, e.g., reinterpreting UNSC Res 2254) can be viewed as undermining international law and order.
- Propaganda and Disinformation
The consistent portrayal of the US and Israel as solely aggressive and disruptive (e.g., “Israel is a troublemaker,” “America security … threatens Gulf security”), while glossing over their own and their allies’ controversial actions, can be seen as a malicious use of propaganda. The IA notes that European diplomats “just talk” and “repeat each other”, suggesting a dismissal of genuine diplomatic engagement if it doesn’t align with Iranian/Syrian pre-conditions.
- Selective Condemnation
Condemning “illegal” foreign forces (US, Turkey) while implicitly legitimizing the presence of Iranian and allied forces in Syria.
Lethality
The document itself is not directly lethal. However, it discusses policies and support mechanisms that have direct implications for ongoing conflict and loss of life:
- Sustaining a War Economy
Iranian economic support (oil, finance) is crucial for the Syrian government to sustain its operations, including military ones. This indirectly enables the Syrian regime’s capacity to wage war.
- Military-Security Coordination
References to the Syrian army being “busy” in East Euphrates and the North, and the inability to “abandon points of contact with occupiers and terrorists”, alongside discussions with Iran’s Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, point to ongoing security and military dimensions of the relationship. While not detailing specific operations, the strategic alignment supports Syria’s military posture.
- Regional Destabilization Narrative
The anti-US/Israel rhetoric contributes to a climate of hostility that can fuel proxy conflicts and violence.
- Drug Trafficking
FM Mekdad’s defensive response to accusations of drug trafficking and the mention of a joint Syrian-Iraqi operation touch upon an issue with lethal consequences, though the document frames Syria as combating it.
The document reveals a close strategic alignment between Iran and Syria, focused on bolstering the Assad regime economically and politically, countering US and Western influence, and shaping the regional environment to their advantage. It underscores a determined effort to overcome international isolation and sanctions through bilateral cooperation and shrewd diplomacy in multilateral forums. The observation that FM Mekdad emphasized “widespread US pressure on Arab countries” highlights the primary challenge they perceive.
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