Safety precautions and legislative regulation of working with UAVs
UAV
(theory)
What will happen ?
▪ Legislation in the field of UAVs
▪ Safety when working with UAVs
Legislation
Air Code of the Russian Federation
Air Code of the Russian Federation dated March 19, 1997 N 60-FZ (as amended on December 31, 2017). Article 33. State registration and state accounting of aircraft, clause 3.2.
Quote: “Unmanned civil aircraft with a maximum take-off weight from 0.15 kilograms to 30 kilograms, imported into the Russian Federation or produced in the Russian Federation, are subject to registration in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.”
Legislation
Each owner of a drone with a maximum take-off weight from 150 grams to 30 kilograms must register it by submitting an application to the Federal Air Transport Agency (hereinafter referred to as FAVT).
“Clause 12 of the Rules. An application for registration of an unmanned aircraft is submitted to the Federal Air Transport Agency within the following deadlines:
• in case of purchasing an unmanned aircraft on the territory of the Russian Federation – within 10 working days from the date of acquisition;
• in case of import of an unmanned aircraft into the Russian Federation – within 10 working days from the date of import;
• in the case of self-manufacturing of an unmanned aircraft – before the start of its use for flights in the airspace above the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as beyond its borders, where responsibility for organizing air traffic is assigned to the Russian Federation.”
Legislation
“Clause 8 of the Rules. To register an unmanned aircraft, the owner of the unmanned aircraft submits to the Federal Air Transport Agency an application for registration of the unmanned aircraft, accompanied by a photograph of this unmanned aircraft, containing the following information:
a) Information about the unmanned aircraft and its technical characteristics:
• Type of unmanned aircraft (name assigned by manufacturer)
• Serial (identification) number of the unmanned aircraft (if available)
• Number of engines installed on the unmanned aircraft and their type (electric engine, gas turbine engine, internal combustion engine)
• Maximum take-off weight of an unmanned aircraft
Legislation
b) Information about the manufacturer of the unmanned aircraft:
• Name (for a legal entity)
• Last name, first name, patronymic (for an individual entrepreneur or individual who independently manufactured an unmanned aircraft)
c) Information about the owner of the unmanned aircraft:
• Telephone (fax) number, email address;
• Full name, main state registration number, taxpayer identification number, address (for a legal entity)
• Last name, first name, patronymic, main state registration number of the state registration record of an individual entrepreneur, taxpayer identification number, residence address (for an individual entrepreneur)
• Last name, first name, patronymic, date and place of birth, insurance number of an individual personal account, number, series and date of issue of an identity document, address of residence (for an individual who is not an individual entrepreneur).”
Legislation
How to submit an application?
There are several ways to submit an application to the FAVT:
1. On your own
or via courier service
2. Postal item
3. State Services Portal
4. UAV accounting portal
Legislation
Upon completion of the registration process, the drone will be assigned a registration number.
Quote: “Clause 28 of the Rules. The registration number of an unmanned aircraft assigned in
in the manner established by these Rules, must be applied to the structural elements of an unmanned aircraft before the start of its flights.”
Legislation
Recommendation requirements for UAV photos. The photo of the UAV should be:
1. Colored on a light plain background.
2. The size of the UAV shown in the photo must occupy at least 70% of the total size of the photo and contain an image of all structural elements of the UAV.
3. The shooting angle must provide a display of the entire visible area of the UAV, allowing for its identification.
Legislation
According to the current rules for the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation, in order to implement the flight of any aircraft (controlled by a pilot directly from the cockpit or remotely from the ground; with a maximum take-off weight of 0.15 kilograms), it is necessary to carry out a number of mandatory actions and approvals both with local authorities and operational bodies of the Unified Air Traffic Management System.
On the one hand, such a multi-stage approach guarantees the safe movement of aircraft, on the other hand, it seriously complicates the use of civilian UAVs in the interests of the unmanned hobby.
Legislation
Flight without approval
According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 02/03/2020 No. 74 “On Amendments to the Federal Rules for the Use of the Airspace of the Russian Federation” (clause 52.1), obtaining permission to use airspace is not required if the following conditions are met:
• Max. UAV take-off weight up to 30 kg.
• The flight is carried out within line of sight.
• The flight is carried out during daylight hours.
• The flight is carried out at an altitude of less than 150 meters from the earth or water surface.
Legislation
Flight without approval
• The flight is carried out outside the control zones of civil aviation aerodromes, areas of aerodromes (heliports) of state and experimental aviation, prohibited zones, flight restriction zones, special zones, airspace above places of public events, official sports competitions, as well as security measures carried out in accordance with with the Federal Law “On State Protection”. (to get acquainted with such zones, use the Internet resource: fpln.ru using internal filters).
• The flight is carried out at a distance of at least 5 km from control points of uncontrolled airfields and landing sites.
Legislation
Responsibility Responsibility for collision avoidance
drones with manned aircraft and other objects in the air, as well as collisions with obstacles on the ground, rests with the remote pilot.
Legislation
Punishment for violating the rules for the use of airspace (Administrative Code of the Russian Federation Article 11.4.):
1. Violation by a user of airspace of federal rules for the use of airspace, if this action does not contain a criminal offense, shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of twenty thousand to fifty thousand rubles; for officials – from one hundred thousand to one hundred fifty thousand rubles; for legal entities – from two hundred fifty thousand to three hundred thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days.
Legislation
Punishment for violating the rules for the use of airspace (Administrative Code of the Russian Federation Article 11.4.):
2. Violation of the rules for the use of airspace by persons not duly authorized to carry out activities in the use of airspace, if this action does not contain a criminal offense, shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of thirty thousand to fifty thousand rubles; for officials – from fifty thousand to one hundred thousand rubles; for legal entities – from three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for up to ninety days.
Legislation
On December 2, 2019, the President of the Russian Federation signed Federal Law No. 404-FZ dated December 2, 2019 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation,” improving the regulation of the use of unmanned aircraft and clarifying the powers of law enforcement agencies in this matter. According to the law, the right to temporarily restrict the presence of unmanned aircraft in the airspace above the venue of a public (mass) event and the adjacent territory, as well as to suppress the unauthorized presence of unmanned aircraft in the airspace, including through the destruction and damage of such aircraft, suppression or transformation remote control signals in order to protect the life, health and property of citizens, carry out urgent investigative actions, operational investigative and anti-terrorist measures will be available to the following authorities: the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Penitentiary Service, the Russian Guard, the FSB, the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Federal Security Service.
Shooting rules
Aerial photography is equivalent to aerial work, and to carry it out you must have the appropriate permit. It is issued at the territorial office of the Ministry of Transport if you have a flight permit and registration of the aircraft. The initial application is considered within 10 days, an application for extension – no more than five days. The procedure is free.
Every drone owner who plans to conduct filming must obtain a certificate. The purpose of the shooting and its subject matter do not matter; a certificate must be obtained in any case. If the Ministry of Transport detects a violation of filming rules, the permit may be suspended or revoked.
Legislation
How to use a quadcopter: checklist
1. If the weight of the quadcopter is more than 150 g, it must be registered and the registration number must be applied to the body.
2. The drone can be launched during daylight hours if there is permission to take off and provided that the take-off altitude is no more than 150 m.
3. The quadcopter cannot be launched in a place where public events are held and in crowded areas, as well as in prohibited areas: the border strip of the state border, control areas of airfields, heliports
state and experimental aviation, places where there is a restriction or ban on flights, in special purpose areas, in areas of security measures, near state security facilities (representative offices of other countries, dachas of deputies, etc.).
Legislation
How to use a quadcopter: checklist
4. Filming from a quadcopter can only be done with special permission.
5. Failure to comply with the rules for using a drone may result in administrative or criminal liability. The first is possible in case of violation of operating rules and is punishable by a fine. Second, if harm is caused to health or life, it is punishable by a fine or imprisonment
freedom for up to two years.
6. In the case of selling a quadcopter, it is necessary to deregister the drone, carry out the procedure for assigning an account to a new owner and conclude a purchase and sale agreement and transfer of ownership from one participant to another.
Safety when working with UAVs
The assembly and operation of the UAV is carried out STRICTLY in accordance with
INSTRUCTIONS!!!
First we read the instructions, then we do it!!!
battery
1. Batteries must be handled with care. Avoid falls, impacts and deformations.
2. When connecting (disconnecting) batteries, holding only the connectors, pulling or tugging on the wires is prohibited.
3. If the connectors are broken, the integrity of the insulation or the battery casing is damaged, do not operate the battery.
4. Do not leave them charging for a long time.
Safety when working with UAVs
Charge the battery only with the type of charger that is intended specifically for them and is included in the kit. Now all new chargers come with a balancing system (uniform charge), which not only allows you to safely charge batteries, but also extends their service life.
It is also important to monitor the temperature of the battery while charging it. If you store your batteries at temperatures below 0ºC, charge them immediately after
removal from the storage location is strictly prohibited. Allow them to warm up to room temperature on their own, otherwise there is a high risk of fire!
Never even attempt to charge batteries that are damaged, swollen, chipped, or otherwise showing signs of external damage.
Safety when working with UAVs
According to safety regulations, any aircraft must undergo a pre-flight inspection, which will determine the serviceability of all systems. Ideally, the UAV should be ready to fly at half the gas rate. It is also worth checking the serviceability of all parts. It is necessary to ensure that there is no cable connected to the board before the drone is ready to fly.
If you are using a GPS module, in order for the pilot to be controlled, it is necessary for the device to determine the required number of GPS satellites. Only after this can the propellers be unlocked. Another parameter that requires checking is the return point. If the return point is not set, you need to restart the device and update the GPS satellites and coordinates of the return point. A failure in navigation can cause loss of control of the copter, which in turn can have tragic consequences.
Models that do not use carbon and fiberglass are considered the safest, since these materials can cause serious injury to people and damage to property.
Piloting a drone requires some skills, which are more profitable to acquire with an inexpensive and lightweight model. Moreover, in this case, a breakdown due to pilot error will be much cheaper in all respects.
After purchasing, you should not immediately move on to flying. First of all, you need to carefully study the instructions. To get started, simple modes are best. Having mastered them, you can use more complex ones.
Safety when working with UAVs
Safety when preparing for flight:
1. Before using the quadcopter, you must check it visually for the integrity and reliability of the components, as well as for the correct installation of the propellers and motors!
1.1 Tightness of the frame fastening nuts
1.2 Tightness of nuts (caps) of screws
1.3 Make sure that there is no damage to the main elements of the quadcopter
1.4 Check that the wires are securely fastened; if necessary, tighten protruding and loose wires with zip ties
1.5 Check protection integrity
2. Make sure the batteries are charged
3. Make sure the remote control is set up and charged.
4. It is imperative to designate the piloting area in advance
Safety when working with UAVs
Safety before departure:
1. It is necessary to place spectators behind the pilot.
2. Do not allow spectators to enter the hemisphere in front of the pilot’s face (into the UAV piloting area).
3. Connect the battery only before takeoff, disconnect immediately after landing.
4. Stand at a distance of at least 3 m from the quadcopter (when piloting in an open area); you can only be closer if the UAV is in a special area limited by a grid.
5. Take off from the ground from a flat area.
6. If you hear any extraneous sounds when you turn on the screws (ARM), immediately turn it off (DISARM). It is possible that wires or a cable have gotten into the propellers. It is necessary to check the drone again for any problems.
A drone pilot should always be aware of the flight time of the drone’s batteries.
You should not take a flight longer than indicated in the instructions. Failure to comply with any of the manufacturer’s recommendations may result in, at a minimum, damage to the drone.
If the thrust decreases, the drone may become destabilized and crash, which in turn can lead to injury and damage. Many countries have already introduced laws that regulate the use of copters and prohibit their flying near people. The reason for this restriction is the accidents that have occurred in recent years.
Maintaining a safe distance is necessary every time you start the device and is the first safety rule. Even the lightest drone can cause serious injury and even kill a person. For safety reasons, you should not let the drone out of sight and monitor the movement of people around
Safety when working with UAVs
Safety during flight
1. Follow all instructions from the flight instructor.
2. When learning to fly indoors, fly at a level below your own chest.
3. Fly next to you at a distance at which you can see the orientation of the copter in space.
4. When controlling, all movements with the sticks must be performed carefully and smoothly. Avoid sudden movements. Otherwise, the copter may suddenly gain flight speed and there is a high probability of crashing.
5. You should fly carefully and perform only those elements in which there is no doubt. It is prohibited to perform aerobatic maneuvers, the success of which raises doubts and maneuvers associated with risk.
6. Observe the speed limit. Keep the flight speed of the copter within the speed of a walking person.
Safety when working with UAVs
Safety during flight
7. Return the copter to the landing site by the calculated time, do not allow the battery to completely discharge during the flight.
8. Land only on a flat, open area, away from obstacles. 9. In the event of an impact with the ground or a hard landing, perform the following actions:
9.1 Terminate flight. Land the copter on the ground.
9.2 Disarm (turn off engines)
9.3 Disconnect the battery on the copter.
9.4 Turn off the remote control.
9.5 Inspect the copter and (if necessary) repair it.
10. After the scheduled landing, perform the following actions:
10.1 Disarm (turn off the engine).
10.2 Disconnect the battery on the copter.
10.3 Turn off the remote control
Safety during flight
7. Return the copter to the landing site by the calculated time, do not allow the battery to completely discharge during the flight.
8. Land only on a flat, open area, away from obstacles. 9. In the event of an impact with the ground or a hard landing, perform the following actions:
9.1 Terminate flight. Land the copter on the ground.
9.2 Disarm (turn off engines)
9.3 Disconnect the battery on the copter.
9.4 Turn off the remote control.
9.5 Inspect the copter and (if necessary) repair it.
10. After the scheduled landing, perform the following actions:
10.1 Disarm (turn off the engine).
10.2 Disconnect the battery on the copter.
10.3 Turn off the remote control
Safety when working with UAVs
ACCIDENT !!!
It doesn’t matter how experienced you are. If you have a drone, you need to understand that an accident can happen. Sometimes through your fault, sometimes due to reasons beyond your control. So what to do if he does fall?
First of all, find him. Check it for damage. Write down how much damage it has suffered. You use this note if you need to contact the manufacturer.
Turn off the UAV and remove the battery and propellers.
Clean off dirt, sand and other debris with sterile wipes.
While the drone is upside down, turn the propellers to dislodge sand and dirt, then blow into each (or use compressed air) to remove any remaining dirt
Safety when working with UAVs
ACCIDENT !!!
Check the battery for damage to the case.
Remove all propellers. Make sure they are not deformed or cracked. If there are problems, replace the propeller.
Check all parts of the stabilizer and fall arrest device to ensure they are securely attached and not damaged.
Check the frame for cracks, including the uprights. Check each engine, how it is attached, each screw. Once thorough cleaning is complete, reinsert the battery. Reboot the UAV on a level surface and launch again.
Run the engines without propellers and check if they vibrate. Turn off the engines. Attach the screws. Restart the engines and check again to see if the device vibrates.
Safety when working with UAVs
ACCIDENT !!!
Raise the UAV to a small height to check for any strange movements or swaying.
Make one flight over a long distance. It should be low speed and not high off the ground (avoid the surface of the water) to make sure everything works.
Drones are very complex devices that rely on several different systems to fly properly. You can’t control the software and hardware, but if you are aware of the issues you can control and the mistakes you can avoid, you can minimize the chance of crashing or even losing your quadcopter. Most accidents can be prevented by simple vigilance and care in preparation for the flight and during the flight itself.
