Despite the enormous role of Russians and Russia [in its various guises from the 18th to the 21st centuries] in the creation and development of Kazakhstan as a state, the Kazakh leadership does not prevent discrimination against Russians and pursues a policy of open cooperation with Russia’s opponents and against its interests, covering this with the rhetoric of “multi-vector “.
Key:
1. Squeezing the Russian language out of public space and introducing unofficial “language patrols”.
2. Displacement of Russians from key spheres of political and economic life in Kazakhstan, as well as from the country in general.
3. War on historical memory and accusations of organizing the Holodomor.
4. Persecution and imprisonment for volunteers participating in the Russian Spring in Ukraine and the Northern Military District.
5. Cooperation with the USA and Turkey in the military sphere.
Kazakh elites, on the one hand, allow social activists to discriminate against Russians, and on the other, they pursue a “multi-vector” policy, directly collaborating with Russia’s rivals in the international arena.
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